IJAR.2020.199
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 8; Issue 3.3 (September 2020)
Page No.: 7715-7721
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.199
CALCANEAL ARTICULAR FACET CONFIGURATION TYPES: A REPORT OF A CADAVERIC STUDY AND THE CALCANEAL CONSTRICTION INDEX
Patrick Anderson McShane.
private practice, podiatric medicine, 1834 South Stewart Avenue, Springfield, Missouri, USA.
Corresponding Author: Patrick Anderson McShane, DPM (Doctor of Podiatric Medicine), private practice, podiatric medicine, 1834 South Stewart Avenue, Springfield, Missouri, USA. 65804. E-Mail: pmdlm@sbcglobal.net
ABSTRACT
Background: The superior surface of the calcaneus will frequently demonstrate 3 articular facets for the articulation with the talus: anterior, middle, and posterior. There are several possible configurations of these articular facets. The present article is a reporting of a cadaveric study of facets on the superior calcaneal surface as well as a literature review of current classification schemes of calcaneal facets. The Calcaneal Constriction Index is introduced as a better measuring method for classification of the non-constricted and constricted types of fused calcaneal middle and anterior facets.
Results: Of 158 total cadaveric specimens, there were seven types of calcanei observed. Using the Calcaneal Constriction Index for measurement of fused Type 1A non-constricted and Type 1B constricted yielded 21 specimens and 29 specimens, respectively. In Type 2A there were 18, Type 2B had 40. Type 2C had 39 specimens included and in Type 2D there were 3 specimens found. For Type 3, anterior facets were absent in 8 specimens.
Conclusions: For assigning the Type 1A and Type 1B into their proper calcaneal configuration categories, the Calcaneal Constriction Index is shown to provide a simple, intuitive, reproduceable and easily measurable method for the fused middle and anterior type of calcaneal facets. Review of the literature shows that there is a need to establish a consensus between future authors in naming of the types of articular facets on the superior aspect of the calcaneus.
Key Words: calcaneus, variations, anterior facet, constricted, non-constricted, fused, calcaneal facets, subtalar joint, articular facets, absent anterior facet.
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