https://www.ijmhr.org/ijar.htm editor_anatomy@ijmhr.org
ISSN:       2321-4281 (E) 2321-8967 (P)

IJAR.2020.149

DOWNLOAD PDF
Table of Contents

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 8; Issue 2.2 (May 2020)

Page No.: 7519-7525

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.149

ANATOMICAL BASICS AND VARIATIONS OF THE SCAPULA IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

V.Nithya *1, P. Murali 2, S. Sundarapandian 3.

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

*2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy,  SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

3 Professor & HOD, Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

Corresponding Author:  Dr. P. Murali, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India. E-Mail: pmurali.pt@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Morphology of suprascapular notch (SSN) and measurement of safe zone for the approach of suprascapular nerve is associated with suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy. For better knowledge about different shape and measurement of safe zone for suprascapular nerve distance is important for the clinicians in understanding the source of the entrapment neuropathy and avoiding the nerve injury during operative procedure.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to find out the morphology of suprascapular notch and measurement of safe zone for the suprascapular nerve distance in Indian dry scapula.

Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in 150 adult dried human scapulae of undetermined sex in Indian population. The following parameters were measured, 1. Shape of suprascapular the notch. 2. Measurement of safe zone for the suprascapular nerve distance. Results: Out of 150 scapulae, 76 (51%) were shallow U shaped notch, 32 (21%) were deep U shaped notch, 10 (7%) were J shaped notch, 12 (8%) were V shaped notch, 12 (8%) showed absence of notch, 8 (5%) showed complete foramen. The mean value of distance between the suprascapular notch and the supraglenoid tubercle (SGT) were 3.10±0.32. The mean value of distance between the spinoglenoid notch (SGN) and the posterior rim of glenoid cavity (PGC) were 1.55±0.23. The mean value of distance between the suprascapular notch and the spinoglenoid notch were 2.09±0.29.

Conclusion: This study will be useful in understanding the importance of suprascapular notch in causing entrapment neuropathy and safe zone distance is of surgical importance in avoiding injuries to the suprascapular nerve during shoulder surgical procedures.

KEY WORDS: – Supra Scpular Notch, Supra Glenoid Tubercle, Spino Glenoid Notch, Posterior rim of Glenoid Cavity.

REFERENCES

  1. Gray’s anatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Fortieth edition. 793-794.
  2. Das S, Suri R, Kapur V. Ossification of Superior transverse scapular ligament and its clinical implications. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2007 ;7(2):157-60.
  3. Khan MA. Complete ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament in an Indian male adult. Int J Morphol. 2006; 24(2):195-6.
  4. Pećina M, Krmpotić-Nemanić J, Markiewitz A. Suprascapular nerve. In: Pećina M, Krmpotić-Nemanić J, Markiewitz A, eds. Peripheral Nerve Compression Syndromes. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1997.
  5. Vorster W, Lange CP, Briët RJ, Labuschagne BC, DU Toit DF, Muller CJ, De Beer JF The sensory branch of the suprascapular nerve: An anatomic study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2008; 17(3): 500-502.
  6. Molony DC, Gheiti AJC, Kennedy J, Green C, Schepens A, Mullett HJ A cadaveric model for suprascapular nerve injury during glenoid component screw insertion in reverse-geometry shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011; 20(8): 1323-1327.
  7. Natsis K, Totlis T, Tsikaras P, Appell HJ, Skandalakis K. Proposal for classification of the suprascapular notch: a study on 423 dried scapulas. Clin Anat. 2007; 20:135-9.
  8. David A. Ofuson, Raymond A. Ude, Cristina U. Okwuonu, Olamide A. Adesanya. Complete absence of the suprascapular notch in Nigerian scapula: a possible cause of suprascapular nerve entrapment. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2008; 2(4):65-6.
  9. Iqbal K, Iqbal R, Khan SG. Anatomical variations in shape of suprascapular notch of scapula. J Morphol Sci. 2010; 27:1-2.
  10. Kopell HP, Thompson WA. Pain and frozen shoulder. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1959; 109:92-6.
  11. Antonoiou J, Tae SK, Wiliams GR, Bird S, Ramsey MJ,Iannotti JP. Suprascapular neuropathy. Variability in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. ClinOrthop Rel Res. 2001; 386:131-8.[5].
  12. Cummins CA, Messer TM, Nuber GW. Suprascapular nerve entrapment. J Bone Join Surg 2000; 82-A: 415-24.[6].
  13. Edeland HG, Zachrisson BE. Fracture of the scapularnotch associated with lesion of the suprascapularnerve. Acta Orthop Scand. 1975; 46(758):763.[7].
  14. Ferretti A, Cerullo, G, Russo G. Suprascapular neuropathy in volleyball players. The Journal of BoneJoint Surg AM. 1987; 69:260-3.[8].
  15. Vastamaki M, Goransson GH. Suprascapular nerve entrapment. Clin Orth Rel Res.1993; 297(135):143.
  16. Antoniadis, G., Richter, HP., Rath, S., Braun, V., Moese,G. Suprascapular nerve entrapment: Experience with28 cases. J Neurosurg 1996; 85(6):1020-1025.
  17. Rengachary SS, Neff JP, Singer PA, Brackett CF: Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy. A clinical, anatomical and comparative study, Part I.Neurosurgery1979; 4: 441–446.4.
  18. Shishido H, Kikuchi S: Injury of the suprascapular nerve in shoulder surgery: An anatomic study.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2001; 10:372–376.
  19. Burkhart SS, Lo IK, Brady PC:Burkhart’s view of the shoulder a cowboy’s guideto advanced shoulder arthroscopy.Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams &Williams.2006; 111–116: 194-203.6.
  20. Piatt BE, Hawkins RJ, Fritz RC, Ho CP, Wolf E, Schickendantz M: Clinical evaluation and treatment of spinoglenoid notch ganglion cysts.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2002; 11: 600–604.
  21. Hazrati Y, Miller S, Moore S, Hausman M, Flatow E:Suprascapular nerve entrapment secondary to a lipoma.Clin Orthop2003; 411: 124–128.
  22. Charalambos P. Economides et al. An unusual caseof suprascapular nerve neuropathy: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2011; 5: 419.
  23. Krishna Gopal, Alok kumar choudhary, Jolly Agarwal, Virendra kumar. Variations in suprascapular notch morphology and its clinical importance. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015; 3(1): 301- 306.
  24. Vandana R, Patil Sudha. Morphometric study of Suprascapular Notch. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2013; 2(3):140–44.
  25. Malik G, Soni VS, Shukla L, Chabbra S, Gaur N. Morphometric Analysis of the Suprascapular Notch. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. 2012; 5(1).
  26. Paolo Albino, Stefano Carbone, Vittorio Candela, Valerio Arceri, Anna Rita Vestri, Stefano Gumina. Morphometry of the suprascapular notch correlation with scapular dimensions and clinical relevance. BMC Musculoskel Disord. 2013; 14:172.
  27. Iqbal K, Iqbal K, Khan S G. Anatomical variations in shape of suprascapular notch of scapula. J.morphol sci. 2010; 27(1): 1-2.
  28. Natsis K, Totlis T, Tsikaras P, Appell HJ, Skandalakis P,Koebke J Proposal for classification of the su-prascapular notch: a study on 423 dried scapulas. Clin Anat. 2007; 20: 135–139.
  29. Dunkelgrun M, Lesaka K, Park SS, Kummer FJ, Zuckkerman JD. Interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility in supra-scapular notch typing. Bull Hosp Joint Dis. 2003; 61: 118-22.
  30. Ticker JB, Djurasovic M, Strauch RJ, April EW, Pollock RG, Flatow EL, Bigliani LU. The incidence of ganglion cysts and other variations in anatomy along the course of suprascapular nerve. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998; 7: 472-78.
  31. Bayramoglu A, Demiryurek D, Tuccar E, Erbil M, Aldur MM, Tetik O, Doral MN. Variations in anatomy at the suprascapular notch possibly causing suprascapular nerve entrapment: an anatomical study. Knee Surg Sport Trum Arthros. 2003; 11: 393-98.
  32. Duparc F, Coquerel D, Ozeel J, Noyon M, Gerometta A, Michot CH. Anatomical basis of the suprascapular nerve entrapment and clinical relevance of the supraspinatus fascia. Surg Rad Anat. 2010; 32: 277-84.
  33. Muralidhar Reddy Sangam, Sattiraju Sri Sarada Devi, Karuman-chi Krupadanam,and Kolla Anasuya. A study on the morphology of the suprascapular notch and its distance from the glenoid cavity. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013; 7(2): 189–192.
  34. Rengachary SS, Burr D, Lucas S, Hassanein KM, Mohn MP, Matzke H. Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy: a clinical, anatomical, and comparative. Study Part 2: anatomical study. Neurosurgery. 1979; 5(4):447–51.
  35. Sinkeet SR, Awori KO, Odula PO, Ogeng JA, Mwachaka PM. The suprascapular notch: its morphology and distance from the glenoid cavity in a Kenyan population. Folia Morphol. 2010; 69 (4): 241-45.
  36. Wang HJ, Chen C, Wu LP, Pan CQ, Zhang WJ, Li YK. Variable morphology of the suprascapular notch: an investigation and quantitative measurements in Chinese population. Clin Anat. 2011; 24(1):47–55.
  37. Hafezji HM. An osteological study of measurement of safe zone to prevent iatrogenic suprascapular nerve injury and its correlation with type of suprascapular notch. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016; 4(11): 5034-5040
  38. Sabreen M Ahmed. Morphometry oif suprascapular notch in Egyptian dry scapulae and its correlation with measurements of suprascapular nerve safe zone for clinical consideration. Eur. J. Anat. 2018; 22 (6): 441- 448.
  39. De Mulder K, Marynissen H, Van Laere C. Arthroscopic transglenoid suture of Bankart lesions. Acta Orthop Belg. 1998; 64 160-66. [6].
  40. Warner JJP, Krushell RJ, Masquelet A, Gerber C. Anatomy and relationships of suprascapular nerve: anatomical constraints to mobilization of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles in management of massive rotator-cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992; 74: 36-45.
  41. Inman, Saunders JB. Abbot. Observation on the junction of the shoulder joint. Journal of bone & joint surgery. 1944; 1: 30.
  42. Krogman WM, Iscan MY. Determination of Sex and Parturition by scapula, the human skeleton in forensic medicine, 2nd edition, USA: Charles Thomas publishers. 1986: 135-228.
  43. Mc Minn, R.M.H 2009. Last’s Anatomy. 9th ed. UK edition: Churchill Livingstone. P. 53
  44. Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 3rd Edition,USA: Charles Thomas publishers; 1960. Page 620-21.
  45. Von Schroeder HP, Kuirer SD. 2001. Osseous Anatomy of scapula. Journal of Clin Orthop Relat Res; page 313-139.
  46. Flower WH, Garson JG. The scapular index as a race character in man. Journal of anat physiol 1879; 14(1): 13-17.
  47. Maheen Nazir, Bashir Ahmad Shah, Shaheen Shahdad, Basit Aslam and Rabiya Amin,. “Scapular measurements and indices, an observational study at GMC Srinagar, Kashmir.”, International Journal of Current Research. 2018; 10 (03): 67125-67128.
  48. Churchill RS, Brems JJ, Kotchi H. Glenoid size, inclination, and version: an anatomic study. J Shoulder Elbow Surgery.2001;10:327-32
  49. Kandemir V, Allaire RB, Jolly JT, Debski RE, McMohan PJ. The Relationship between the orientation of the glenoid and tears of the rotator cuff. JBJS. 2006; 88 (8) Aug: 1105-09.
  50. Poppen NK, Walker PS. Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1976; 58A: 195-201.
  51. Mamatha T, Pai SR, Murlimanju BV, Kalthur SG, Pai MM, Kumar B. Morphometry of Glenoid Cavity. Online Journal Health Allied Sciences. 2011; 10 (3): 7 1-4.
  52. Iannotti JP, Gabriel JP, Schneck SL, Evans BG, Misra S.The normal glenohumeral relationships. An anatomicalstudy of one hundred and forty shoulders.J Bone JointSurg Am 1992;74:491-500.
  53. Mallon WJ, Brown HR, Vogler JB 3rd, Martinez S. Radio-graphic and geometric anatomy of the scapula. Clin Or-thop Relat Res 1992;277:142-154.
  54. Von Schroeder HP, Kuiper SD, Botte MJ. Osseous ana-tomy of the scapula. Clin Orthop Relat Res2001;383:131-139.

Cite this article: V.Nithya, P. Murali, S. Sundarapandian. ANATOMICAL BASICS AND VARIATIONS OF THE SCAPULA IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION. Int J Anat Res 2020;8(2.2):7519-7525. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2020.149