IJAR.2023.106
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 11; Issue 2 (June2023)
Page No.: 8610-8618
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2023.106
Role of Aluminium in Alzheimer’s disease: Ultrastructural Study in Rat Hippocampus
Buddhadeb Ghosh *1, Akhtaruzzaman 2, Shukchand Hansda 3, Suman Yadav 4, Ravi Kant Sharma 5.
*1 Department of Anatomy, Apollo Institute of Medical Science & Research, Hyderabad, India. ORCiD: 0000-0001-8688-3817
2 Department of Anatomy, Jalpaiguri Government Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, India. ORCiD: 0000-0002-5843-3904
3 Department of Anatomy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ORCiD: 0000-0002-6819-9904
4 Department of Anatomy, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. ORCiD: 0009-0004-7902-6381
4 Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Buddhadeb Ghosh, Department of Anatomy, Apollo Institute of Medical Science & Research, Hyderabad, India. Mob +918894114210.
E-Mail: dr.ghosh_b@apolloimsr.edu.in / dr.ghosh86@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Background: Exposure to high levels of aluminium (Al) leads to neurotoxicity. Hippocampus is one of the preferred sites of aluminium accumulation. Nevertheless, the role of Al in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains controversial and there is little proof directly interlinking Al to AD.
Aims: The present study was undertaken to find out the occurrence of AD pathogenesis in Hippocampus under moderate aluminium exposure in rats.
Materials and Methods: Adult rats were divided into control (C) and aluminium treated (E) groups having eight animal each. The rats in group E were exposed to aluminium 4.2 mg/kg body weight for three months with due approval from Institute Animal Ethics Committee. The hippocampus was processed for histopathological and electron microscopy observation.
Results: Moderate Al intake produces significant reduction in the count of Pyramidal cells in hippocampus identified by shrunken cells as well as pyknosis in cell bodies. The differences between the cell numbers in all groups were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cornu Ammonis (CA) exhibited significantly reduced nissl bodies with a marked reduction in neuronal cell loss. Neurofibrillary tangle and plaques were not seen in the given dose of Al exposure. Electron microscopy from experimental group showed that the majority of neurons were disintegrating, the nuclear membrane has ruptured, and nucleoli appeared significantly distorted. The chromatin condensed and the mitochondria had disintegrated. Many vacuoles and lipofuscin sediment in cytoplasm, as compared to the control group noted.
Conclusion: Present data demonstrated that moderate chronic aluminium exposure 4.2mg/kg body weight induced neurodegeneration in hippocampus but not significant for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.
Keywords: Aluminium, Hippocampus, Alzheimer’s Disease, Neurodegeneration, Histopathology, Electron microscopy.
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