IJAR.2024.131
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 12; Issue 3 (September 2024)
Page No.: 8972-8980
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.131
A Study on the Morphometric Measurement and Intrinsic Innervation of the Knee Meniscus in Adult Burmese Population
Thida Than *1, Bedanta Roy 2, Soe Lwin 3, Tin Moe Nwe 4, Khin Than Yee 5, Mya Thein Shin 6, Hlaing Thaw Dar 7.
*1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, SEGi University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ORCiD: 0009-0005-2256-6288
2 Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Quest International University, Malaysia. ORCiD: 0000-0003-2750-4949
3 Associate Professor, Department of Gynaecology, Royal Colleague of Medicine Perak (RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (Unikl), Malaysia. ORCiD: 0000-0001-9562-9044
4 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Royal Colleague of Medicine Perak (RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (Unikl), Malaysia.ORCiD: 0000-0003-2944-5735
5 Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Preclinical Royal Colleague of Medicine, Perak (RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (Unikl), Malaysia. ORCiD: 0000-0001-7185-3877
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UCSI University, Spring Hill Campus, Malaysia. ORCiD: 0009-00041733-0222
7 Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia. ORCiD: 0009-0008-8259-0679
Corresponding Author: Dr. Thida Than, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, SEGi University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: tdr.than@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Understanding the dimensions of the knee joint menisci is crucial for arthroscopic surgery and the management of injuries. Menisci’s size, shape, and composition play roles in determining the structural and material properties of the tissue allograft. The present study aims to describe the morphometric measurement and intrinsic innervation of the knee meniscus in Myanmar’s adult population.
Methods: The length, width, thickness, and other morphometric factors of 160 menisci from twenty male and twenty female autopsy bodies were measured. Five menisci from fresh cadavers were dissected, stained with Marsland, Glees, and Erikson’s staining methods, and examined under a light microscope.
Results: The average length of the medial and lateral meniscus was 8.49 cm and 7.98 cm, respectively. The average width of the anterior horn, body, and posterior horn of medial menisci were 0.64 cm, 0.63 cm, and 1.25 cm, and that of lateral menisci were 0.94 cm, 0.89 cm, and 0.95 cm. The average thickness of the anterior horn, body, and posterior horn of medial menisci was 0.38 cm, 0.45 cm, and 0.47 cm, and that of lateral menisci were 0.25 cm, 0.42 cm, and 0.39 cm. Ruffini’s corpuscles, Paccinian corpuscles, and Golgi tendon organs with fibrous capsules were observed under the light microscope at the anterior and posterior horns of the menisci.
Conclusions: The present study provides a good understanding of the knee meniscus in the Myanmar adult population, which will help morphologists and orthopaedic surgeons design prostheses and perform knee joint arthroscopy with a high success rate.
Keywords: Measurements, innervation, human, knee meniscus.
REFERENCES
[1]. Messener K, Gao J. The menisci of the knee joint. Anatomical and functional characteristics and a rationale for clinical treatment. J Anatomy. 1998;193:161-78.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19320161.x
PMid:9827632 PMCid:PMC1467836
[2]. Jadhav, Sd., Joshi, SD., joshi, SS. and Waghmqde, PS. Morphological study of menisci of knee joint-size, shape and volume. J. Anat. Soc. India. 2008;57(1):53-89.
[3]. Brindle, T., Nylandt, J. and Johnson, DL. The meniscus. Review of basic principles with application to surgery and rehabilitation. Journal of Athletic training. 2001;36(2):160-169.
[4]. Luvsannyam E, Jain MS, Leitao AR, Maikawa N, Leitao AE. Meniscus tear: Pathology, incidence, and management. Cureus [Internet]. 2022;14(5):e25121.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25121
[5]. Stone, KR., Freyer, A., Turek, T., Walgenbach, AW., Wadhwa, S. and Crues, J. Meniscal sizing based on gender, height and weight. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. 2007;23(5):503-508.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2006.12.025
PMid:17478281
[6]. Makris EA, Hadidi P, Athanasiou KA. The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration. Biomaterials [Internet]. 2011;32(30):7411-31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.037
PMid:21764438 PMCid:PMC3161498
[7]. Cook JL, Fox DB, Malaviya P, Tomlinson JL, Kuroki K, Cook CR, Kladakis S. Long-term outcome for large meniscal defects treated with small intestinal submucosa in a dog model. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Jan;34(1):32-42.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505278702
PMid:16157845
[8]. Almeida, K., Moraes, S., Tasihro, T., Neves, E., Toscano, A. and Abreu, R. Morphometric study of menisci of the knee joint. Int. J. Morphol: 2004;22(3):181-184. (cited from Cailliet, 1976, Filho et al, 1999 and Smillie, 1975).
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022004000300001
[9]. Kale, A., Kopuz, C., Edyzer, M., Aydin, ME., Demyr, M. and Ynce, Y. Anatomic variations of the shape of the menisci: a neonatal cadaver study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:975-981.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0069-y
PMid:16955298
[10]. Tubbs SR, Michelson J, Loukas M, Shoja MM, Ardalan RM, Salter GE, et al. The transverse genicular ligament: Anatomical study and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat, 2008;30(1):5-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-007-0275-4
PMid:17989912
[11]. Braz, PRP. and Silva, WG. Meniscus morphometric study in humans. J. morphol. Sci., 2010;27(2):62-66.
[12]. Didio, L (1998) Tratada de Anatomica Aplicada. 2nd edition. Sao Paulo, Atheneu.
[13]. Moore, KL. and Dalley, AF. (2001) Anatomia orientada para clinica. 4ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
[14]. Murlimanju, BV., Nair, N., Pai, MM., Krishnamurthy, A. and Philip, XC. Morphology of the medial meniscus of the knee in human fetuses. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology. 2010;51(2):347-351.
[15]. Filho, LAJ., Motta, LAJ. and Motta Filho, GR. Menisco lateral discoid:correlacao anatomo-clinica. Revista Brasileira de Orthopedia. 1999;34(8):457-460.
[16]. Bhatt CR, Prajapati B, Suthar K, Mehta CD: Morphometric study of menisci of knee joint in the west region . Int J Basic App Med Sci. 2014;4:95.
[17]. Hathila SB, Vyas KK, Vaniya VH, Kodiyatar BB: Morphological study of menisci of knee joint in human cadavers. Int J Anat Radiol Surg. 2018;7:AO10-14.
[18]. Smillie, IS. (1975) Injuries of the knee joint. 4th ed. London. Living Stone.
[19]. Testut, L and Latarjet. A (1975) Tratado de Anatomia Humana. 10 ed. Barcelona, Salvat.
[20]. Wilson, AS., Legg, PG. and McNeur, JC. Studies on the innervation of the medial meniscus in the human knee joint. Anat. Rec. 1969;485.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650404
PMid:5356952
[21]. Kennedy, JC., Alexander, IJ. and Hayes, KC. Nerve supply of the human knee and its functional importance. Am J Sports Med. 1982;329-335.
https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000601
PMid:6897495
[22]. Schultz, RA., Miller, DC., Kerr, CS. and Micheli, L. Mechanoreceptors in human cruciate ligaments. The journal of bone and joint surgery. 1984;66:1072-1076.
https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198466070-00014
PMid:6207177
[23]. Day, B., Mackenzie, WG., Sun, SS. and leung, G. The vascular and nerve supply of the human meniscus. Arthroscopy. 1985;1:58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-8063(85)80080-3
PMid:4091911
[24]. O’Connor, BL. The histological structure of dog menisci. Am J Anat. 1976;147(4):407-417.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001470402
PMid:1036868
[25]. O’Connor BL, McConnaughey JS. The structure and innervation of cat knee menisci, and their relation to a “sensory hypothesis” of meniscal function. Am J Anat. 1978;153:431-442
https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001530306
PMid:707322
[26]. Moon, MS. and Kim, YS. Collagen fibres and mechanoreceptors in regenerated menisci of rabbits. International orthopaedics. 1996;21:239-242.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002640050158
PMid:9349960 PMCid:PMC3617698
[27]. Zimny, ML. Mechanoreceptors in articular tissues. American journal of anatomy. 1988;182:16-32.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001820103
PMid:3291597
