IJPR.2020.164
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 8; Issue 5 (October 2020)
Page No.: 3628-3633
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2020.164
THE EFFECT OF HEEL TYPE ON Q ANGLE
Pruthini Patil 1, Namrata Sidhaye- Bhadbhade *2.
1 Intern at D.E.S Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Jindal college of Physiotherapy, Fergusson college campus, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
*2 Assistant Professor at D.E.S Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Jindal college of Physiotherapy, Fergusson college campus, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Address for correspondence: Dr. Namrata Sidhaye- Bhadbhade (M.P.T), D.E.Society’s Brijlal Jindal college of Physiotherapy, Fergusson college campus, Shivajinagar, Pune- 411004, Maharashtra, India. E-Mail: namratasidhaye.physio@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Background: Around 80% of women prefer wearing high heel footwear, out of which 30% use it for professional reasons. Usage of high heel footwear revealed to exhibit pathological differences in entire lower limb mechanics.There is a dearth of literature regarding change in surface area of contact of footwear on lower limb biomechanics, with constant heel height in high heel footwear users.
Study design: Cross sectional observational study
Objectives: To assess and compare Q angle in women wearing flat heel, wedges and pointed heel footwear.
Methodology: 147 females were screened and only 99 (according to inclusion and exclusion criteria) were enrolled in the study. Three groups were made (33 participants in each group). Q angle measurements were taken in supine and standing positions. Collected data was analysed using one way ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis.
Results: Mean value of the Q angle in flat footwear users is (Rt- 14.27±1.64), (Lt-14.18±0.95) in supine; (Rt-15.15±2.22), (Lt.15.18±1.89) in standing. In wedged heel users is (Rt-16.39±1.58), (Lt-16.06±1.92) in supine and in standing (Rt-16.82±2.07), (Lt-16.58±1.95) respectively. In pointed heel users is (Rt-18.76±1.5), (Lt-18.58±1.25) in supine; and (Rt-18.85±1.28), (Lt-18.76±1.3) in standing. There was statistically significant increase in participant’s Q angle (p < 0.0001) with change in type (surface area of contact) of footwear.
Conclusion: Variable heel type has an effect on Q angle. The Flat heel users have normal Q angle. Wedge heels and pointed heels are associated with significant increase in Q angle.
Clinical implication: Usage of flat footwear is advisable for good lower limb mechanics. Wedges are not better than pointed heel footwear.
KEY WORDS: Q angle, Flat heel, Wedge heel, footwear.
REFERENCES
[1]. Farhat yaasmeen sadique basha, R, Gayatri Devi , A. Jothi Priya A survey on comparative effects of wearing high heels among long term and short term users. JPRS-Pcol-00002643
[2]. Silva AM, de Siqueira GR, da Silva GA. Implications of high-heeled shoes on body posture of adolescents. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2013;31(2):265-271.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000200020
PMid:23828066
[3]. Carrasco AC. Estudo da distribuição da pressão plantar e da oscilação corporalem relação ao peso da bolsa e ao uso de salto alto em mulheres [tese demestrado]. São José dos Campos (SP): Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; 2010.
[4]. Ebbeling CJ, Hamill J, Crussemeyer JA. Lower extremity mechanics and energy cost of walking in high-heeled shoes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1994; 19:190-6.
https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1994.19.4.190
PMid:8173565
[5]. Snow RE, Williams KR. High heeled shoes: Their effect on center of mass position, posture, three-dimensional kinematics, rearfoot motion, and ground reaction forces. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75:568-76.
[6]. Ko DY, Lee HS. The changes of COP and foot pressure after one hour’s walking wearing high-heeled and flat shoes. J Phys Ther Sci 2013;25:1309-12.
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.1309
PMid:24259782 PMCid:PMC3820172
[7]. Tencer AF, Koepsell TD, Wolf ME, Frankenfeld CL, Buchner DM, Kukull WA, et al. Biomechanical properties of shoes and risk of falls in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:1840-6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52507.x
PMid:15507060
[8]. Keegan TH, Kelsey JL, King AC, Quesenberry CP Jr. Sidney S. Characteristics of fallers who fracture at the foot, distal forearm, proximal humerus, pelvis, and shaft of the tibia/fibula compared with fallers who do not fracture. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:192-203.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh026
PMid:14718222
[9]. Ho KY, Blanchette MG, Powers CM. The influence of heel height on patellofemoral joint kinetics during walking. Gait Posture 2012;36:271-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.03.008
PMid:22520457
[10]. Pezzan, Patrícia A. O., Sacco, Isabel C. N., & João, Silvia M. A. Postura do pé e classificação do arco plantar de adolescentes usuárias e não usuárias de calçados de salto alto. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2009;13(5):398-404.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552009005000053
[11]. Weiss L, DeForest B, Hammond K, Schilling B, Ferreira L. Reliability of goniometry-based Q-angle. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013;5(9):763-768.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.03.023
PMid:23528815
[12]. Jessica Shrestha, Biswabina Ray and Antony Sylvan D Souza. Representative values for lower extremity alignment measures in females. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 2016;4:754-759.
[13]. Elshamy, F.F., Ghait, A.S., & Morsy, M. The effect of high heels on quadriceps angle in adult females. International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research, 2016;5:35-38.
https://doi.org/10.5455/ijtrr.000000124
[14]. Section 6: Body Composition ACSM Guidelines: Chapter 4 (pp. 62‐72) ACSM Manual: Chapters 4
[15]. Simonsen EB, Svendsen MB, Nørreslet A, et al. Walking on high heels changes muscle activity and the dynamics of human walking significantly. J Appl Biomech. 2012;28(1):20-28.
https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.1.20
PMid:22431211
[16]. Bendix T, Sorenson SS, Klausen K. Lumbar curve, trunk muscles, and line of gravity with different heel heights. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1984;9:223-7.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198403000-00016
PMid:6729584
[17]. Magee, David J. Orthopedic Physical Assessment.Saunders, From Knee. 4th edition . 2004;729-730.
[18]. Edwards L, Dixon J, Kent JR, Hodgson D, Whittaker VJ. Effect of shoe heel height on vastus medialis and vastus lateralis electromyographic activity during sit to stand. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008;3:2.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-799X-3-2
PMid:18186937 PMCid:PMC2245915
[19]. Hadeel ALSerhany, Fahad ALAnazi. Effect of prolonged wearing high heeled shoes on occurrence of low back pain (LBP) and disability among females in ALJouf city International Journal of Advanced Research 2015;3(12):1715-1722.
[20]. Elshamy, Fayiz F. et al. “The effect of high heels on quadriceps angle in adult females.” International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research 2016;5:35-38.
https://doi.org/10.5455/ijtrr.000000124
[21]. Livingston LA. The quadriceps angle: a review of the literature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998; 28(2):105-109.
https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1998.28.2.105
PMid:9699160
