IJPR.2021.163

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 9; Issue 4 (August 2021)

Page No.: 3979-3984

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.163

Association Between Body Mass Index with Cognitive Function and Activities of Daily Living In Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study

Samuel SE ¹, Senapathi P ², Shetty S *³.

¹ Professor & Principal, Department of Community Medicine, A.J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.  

² Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, A.J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

*³ Post graduate student, Department of Physiotherapy, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Corresponding Author: Dr. Shetty S, PT., Post graduate student, Department of Physiotherapy, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. E-Mail: shettyshraddha89@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background: Higher BMI has been often attributed with decline in cognitive function, mortality, and morbidity in elderly. However, few studies have reported high BMI as protective towards cognition and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Accurate quantification of the role of BMI in the incidence of cognition and performance is desirable in the face of the increasing prevalence of individuals with overweight and obesity and prolonged life span in the population. This study aimed to investigate the association of BMI with cognition and ADL in community living elderly.

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among community living elderly. BMI and KATZ index scores were recorded from the respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 53 respondents enrolled in this study and was predominated by (54.7%) males and (45.30%) females. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient test found a positive correlation (r= 0.33) between BMI and Cognition and was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, it was observed that moderately positive correlation exists between BMI and ADL (r =0.64) and was found to be statistically very highly significant (p<0.001)

Conclusion: This study concluded that among elderly, higher BMI values were associated with better performance in daily activities and lower cognitive impairment.

KEY WORDS: Elderly, Body mass index, Activities of Daily Living, Cognition.

REFERENCES

[1]. Peters R. Ageing and the brain. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Feb;82(964):84-8.
[2]. Lena A, Ashok K, Padma M, Kamath V, Kamath A. Health, and social problems of the elderly: a cross-sectional study in Udupi taluk, Karnataka. Indian J Community Med. 2009 Apr;34(2):131-4.
[3]. Bharati DR, Pal R, Rekha R, Yamuna TV, Kar S, Radjou AN. Ageing in Puducherry, South India: An overview of morbidity profile. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011 Oct;3(4):537-42.
[4]. You, H., Li, Xl., Jing, Kz. Et al. Association between body mass index and health-related quality of life among Chinese elderly—evidence from a community-based study. BMC Public Health 2018;18:1174.
[5]. Momtaz YA, Haron SA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R, Tanjani PT. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cognitive Functions in Later Life. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2018;15(2):195-200.
[6]. Hou Q, Guan Y, Yu W, Liu X, Wu L, Xiao M, Lü Y. Associations between obesity and cognitive impairment in the Chinese elderly: an observational study. Clin Interv Aging. 2019 Feb 15; 14:367-373.
[7]. Selvamani Y, Singh P. Socioeconomic patterns of underweight and its association with self-rated health, cognition, and quality of life among older adults in India. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 7;13(3):0193979.
[8]. Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, Norat T, Janszky I, Tonstad S, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. BMI and all-cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants. BMJ. 2016 May 4;353: i2156.
[9]. Schmeidler J, Mastrogiacomo CN, Beeri MS, Rosendorff C, Silverman JM. Distinct age-related associations for body mass index and cognition in cognitively healthy very old veterans. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019 Jun;31(6):895-899.
[10]. Horie NC, Serrao VT, Simon SS, Gascon MR, Dos Santos AX, Zambone MA, Del Bigio de Freitas MM, Cunha-Neto E, Marques EL, Halpern A, de Melo ME, Mancini MC, Cercato C. Cognitive Effects of Intentional Weight Loss in Elderly Obese Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Mar;101(3):1104-12.
[11]. Sund-Levander M, Wahren LK. The impact of ADL status, dementia, and body mass index on normal body temperature in elderly nursing home residents. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2002 Sep-Oct;35(2):161-9.
[12]. Bahat G, Tufan F, Saka B, Akin S, Ozkaya H, Yucel N, Erten N, Karan MA. Which body mass index (BMI) is better in the elderly for functional status? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012 Jan-Feb;54(1):78-81.
[13]. Tufan A, Bahat G, Ozkaya H, Taşcıoğlu D, Tufan F, Saka B, Akin S, Karan MA. Low skeletal muscle mass index is associated with function and nutritional status in residents in a Turkish nursing home. Gerontol Geriatr. 2016 Sep;19(3):182-186.
[14]. Quiñones AR, Markwardt S, Botoseneanu A. Diabetes-Multimorbidity Combinations and Disability Among Middle-aged and Older Adults. J Gen Intern Med. 2019 Jun;34(6):944-951.
[15]. Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kuryłowicz A, Walkiewicz D, Borkowska J, Owczarz M, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Wieczorowska-Tobis K, Skalska A, Szybalska A, Mossakowska M. Obesity Paradox in Caucasian Seniors: Results of the PolSenior Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(9):796-804.
[16]. Lisko I, Stenholm S, Raitanen J, Hurme M, Hervonen A, Jylhä M, Tiainen K. Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Physical Functioning: The Vitality 90+ Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015 Jul;70(7):885-91.
[17]. Ozturk GZ, Egici MT, Bukhari MH, Toprak D. Association between body mass index and activities of daily living in homecare patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2017 Nov-Dec;33(6):1479-1484.
[18]. Sengupta P, Benjamin AI, Singh Y, Grover A. Prevalence, and correlates of cognitive impairment in a north Indian elderly population. . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Apr-Jun;3(2):135-143.
[19]. Yuenyongchaiwat K, Pongpanit K, Hanmanop S. Physical activity, and depression in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Dement Neuropsychol. 2018 Jan-Mar;12(1):12-18.
[20]. Mac Giolla E, Kajonius PJ. Sex differences in personality are larger in gender equal countries: Replicating and extending a surprising finding. Int J Psychol. 2019 Dec;54(6):705-711.
[21]. Lv YB, Liu S, Yin ZX, Gao X, Kraus VB, Mao C, Yuan JQ, Zhang J, Luo JS, Chen HS, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Associations of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with 3-Year All-Cause Mortality Among the Oldest Old: Evidence from a Chinese Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018 Aug;19(8):672-678.e4.
[22]. Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Budge M, et al.Body mass index in midlife and late-life as a risk factor for dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Obes. 2011;Rev12(5):e426-e437.
[23]. García-Ptacek S, Faxén-Irving G, Cermáková P, et al.Body mass index in dementia. Eur. J. Clin.Nutr 2014;68(11):1204-1209.
[24]. Memel M, Bourassa K, Woolverton C, et al.Body mass and physical activity uniquely predict change in cognition for aging adults. Ann.Behav. Med. 2016;50(3):397-408.
[25]. Bruffaerts R, Demyttenaere K, Vilagut G, et al.The relation between body mass index, mental health, and functional disability: A European population perspective. Can. J. Psychiatry 2008;53(10):679-688.
[26]. Bahat G, Tufan F, Saka B, et al.Which body mass index (BMI) is better in the elderly for functional status? Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr 2012;54(1):78-81.
[27]. Ford DW, Jensen GL, Still C, et al.The associations between diet quality, body mass index (BMI) and health and activity limitation index (HALex) in the Geisinger rural aging study (GRAS). J.Nutr. Health. Aging 2014;18(2):167-170.
[28]. Imai K, Gregg EW, Chen YJ, et al. The association of BMI with functional status and self-rated health in US adults. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2008;16(2):402-408.
[29]. Bahat G, Tufan A, Aydin Y, et al.The relationship of body mass index and the functional status of community-dwelling female older people admitting to a geriatric outpatient clinic. Aging. Clin. Exp. Res. 2015;27(3):303-308.
[30]. Misra, A Dhurandhar, N.V. Current formula for calculating body mass index is applicable to Asian populations. Nutr & Diabetes 2019;9:3.

Share this Research

Facebook

Twitter

Linkedin

email

Print

Pinterest