Welcome to International Journal of Anatomy and Research

Type of Article: Original Research

Year: 2016 | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Page No. 1781-1788

Date of Publication: 31-01-2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.335

A STUDY OF ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN THE ORIGIN, LENGTH AND BRANCHES OF CELIAC TRUNK AND ITS SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Pushpalatha. K *¹, Deepa Bhat ², NM Shama Sundar ³.

^*1 Associate Professor, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
² Assistant Professor, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
³ Professor and Head, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Address: Dr. Pushpalatha K., Associate Professor, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysore - 570 015, Karnataka, India.
E-Mail: pushpalathak@jssuni.edu.in

Abstract

Introduction:  The anatomical variations of the Celiac trunk and its branches are due to developmental changes in the ventral splanchnic arteries. The arterial variations like other anatomical variations cannot be ignored during the operative procedures in abdomen. It is of great importance for the surgeon and radiologists during surgical and radiological procedures in upper abdomen. Main objective of the present study is to known the level of origin, length and variation in the branches of the Celiac trunk.
Materials and Methods: Study included 35 embalmed cadavers and 15 post mortem specimens. After the student studied the Celiac trunk the finer dissection was done and all the branches were traced.
Results: Length of Celiac trunk was between 0.4-2.9 cms. In 52% of cases it was between 1.1 – 1.5 cms, followed by 0.5-1m in 25% , 11% is between 1.6-2cms, only in 3 cases it was more than 2 cms. Celiac trunk with only 3 branches –Leftgastric, Common hepatic and Splenic artery was seen only in 72% of cases. In 20% of cases there was more than 3 branches. In 18% of cases Celiac trunk was giving origin to Inferior phrenic arteries. In 4% of cases the Celiac trunk was incomplete (gastro splenic trunk) giving only Leftgastric and Splenic, Common hepatic was directly arising from Aorta. Celiac trunk was absent in 4% of cases and all the 3 branches were arising directly from Aorta.
Conclusion:  Variation in the branches of Celiac trunk is very common. Knowledge about these variations is important for Surgeons during upper abdominal surgeries and for Radiologists during selective arteriography.
KEY WORDS: Anatomical variations, Celiac trunk, Hepatic artery, Upper abdominal surgery, Selective arteriography.

References

1. Michels NA. Blood supply and Anatomy of the upper abdominal organs. USA: JB Lippincott Company; 1955:32-73.
2. Hamilton WJ, Boyd JD and Mossmann HW. Text book of Human embryology. 4th edn. London: W.H. Effer and sons; 1976:268-269.
3. Sureka B, Mittal MK, Mittal A, Sinha M, Bhambri NK, Thukral BB. Variations of celiac axis, common hepatic artery and its branches in 600 patients. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2013;23:223-33.
4. Song SY, JChung JW ,  Yin YH et al. Celiac Axis and Common Hepatic Artery Variations in 5002 Patients: Systematic Analysis with Spiral CT and DSA. Radiology 2010;255(1):278-88.
5. M S Ugurel, B Battal, U Bozlar et al. Anatomical variations of hepatic arterial system, coeliac trunk and renal arteries: an analysis with multidetector CT angiography. The British Journal of Radiology. August 2010;83:661–667.
6. Prakash,, Rajini T, MokhasV,  Geethanjali BS etal. Coeliac trunk and its branches: anatomical variations and clinical implications. Singapore Med J 2012;53(5):329-31.
7. Mburu, K. S, Alexander, O. J, Hassan, S, Bernard N. Variations in the branching pattern of the celiac trunk in a Kenyan population. Int. J. Morphol., 2010;28(1):199-204.
8. Bergman, R.A., Thompson, S.A., Afifi, A.K. and F.A. Saadeh. Compendium of Human Anatomic Variation: Catalog, Atlas and World Literature. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore and Munich 1988. Http://www. Anatomyatlases.org/anatomicvariants/Cardiovascular/Text/Arteries/coeliactrunks.html.
9. Matusz P,  Gratian D. Miclaus, Horia Ples H, Tubbs RS, Loukas M. Absence of the celiac trunk: case report using MDCT angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012; 34:959–963.
10. Jones RM and Hardy KJ. The hepatic artery -a reminder of surgical anatomy. J.R. Coll. Surg Ediinb. 2001 June;46:168-170.
11. Bharadwaj N. Anomalous origins of Hepatic artery and its significance for hepatobiliary surgery. Journal of Anatomical society of India. 2010;59(2):173-76.
12. Hollinshead H and Rosse C. Text book of Anatomy. 4th edn Philadelphia: Harper and Row ; 1985;324-640.
13. Skandalakis JE. Surgical Anatomy: The embryologic and Anatomic basis of modern surgery. Greece: Paschalidis medical publications, ltd; 2004: 380-1187.
14. Pierre JJ, Van Damme. M.D. Behavioral anatomy of the abdominal arteries. Surgical clinics of  North America 1993;73:699-712.
15. Kimura W, Han I, Furukawa Y, Sunami E, Futakawa N, Inoue T, Shinkai H, Zhao B, Muto T, Makuuchi M, Komatsu H. Appleby operation for carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997;44:387-393.
16. Yalcin B, Kocabiyik N, Yazar F, Ozan H, Ozdogmus O. Variations of the branches of the celiac trunk. Gulhane Tip Dergisi. 2004;46:163-165.

Pushpalatha. K, Deepa Bhat, NM Shama Sundar. A STUDY OF ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN THE ORIGIN, LENGTH AND BRANCHES OF CELIAC TRUNK AND ITS SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Int J Anat Res 2016;4(1):1781-1788. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2015.335