Welcome to International Journal of Anatomy and Research

Type of Article: Original Research

Year: 2016 | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Page No. 1972-1976

Date of Publication: 29-02-2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.123

PERONEUS QUARTUS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION: A CADAVERIC STUDY

Somesh M.S. *¹, Murlimanju B.V ², Roshan S ³, Gautham Kamble ⁴.

^*1 Associate Professor, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre (SIMS &RC), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
² Associate Professor, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India.
^3,4 Assistant Professor, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre (SIMS &RC), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Address: Dr. SOMESH M.S., Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Srinivas Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Srinivas University, Surathkal, Mangalore – 574146, Karnataka, India. Phone no.: +919686924032
E-Mail: drsomeshms@gmail.com

Abstract

Aim:  To observe the occurrence of any anomalous muscle known as peroneus quartus in the lateral compartment of the leg.
Materials and Methods:  Forty seven (47) formalin fixed cadavers used for the routine dissection for the first year medical undergraduate students in Anatomy Dissection Laboratory at Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre (SIMS& RC) and KMC, were chosen. Lateral compartment of the leg of these cadavers were chosen and neatly dissected.
Results: Out of these cadavers studied, we incidentally noted the Peroneus quartus muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg in two cadavers. In first case, it originated from the Peroneus longus and attached to the eminence on the lateral aspect of the calcaneum just behind the peroneal trochlea and in the second case from that of the Peroneus brevis tendon and inserted into the fifth metatarsal bone antero-medial to the main tendon and muscles in all other cadavers followed normal pattern of origin and insertions.
Conclusion:   Incidence of this variant called the peroneus quartus is rare and the knowledge of such rare anatomical variations is important to Surgeons and Orthopedicians performing various procedures around the ankle joint.
Key words: Peroneus Quartus, Peroneus compartment, Leg, Ankle joint.

References

1. Sinnatamby, C S. Last’Anatomy Regional and applied.10th.ed. New York, Churchill Livingston. 2001; 140-141.
2. Moore, K L, Arthur FD. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins A Wolters Kluwer Company. 1999; 584 - 585.
3. Raheja S, Choudhry R, Singh P , Tuli A,  Kumar H. Morphological description of combined variation of distal attachments of fibulares in a foot. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 2005;27(2):158-160.
4. Sammarco GJ, Brainard JB. A symptomatic anomalous peroneus brevis in a high jumper: A case report. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1991; 73-A: 131-133.
5. Wood J. Variations in human myology observed during the winter session of 1867- 68 at King's College, London.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 1868; 17: 483-525.
6. Bergman RA, Afifi  AK, Ryosuke M. Peroneus Brevis and longus. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. 2005; Opus I. Muscular system.
7. Sarrafian S. Myology: Anatomy of the foot and ankle. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott. 1993; Vol 2: 218-226.
8. Standring S. Gray´s Anatomy. 39th. ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier New York, 2005; 1498-1499.
9. Goss, C. CD. Gray’s Anatomy. 29th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1973.
10. Mestdagh H, Champetie J, Mauroy B, Leclet H, Drizenko A,  Vasseur J. The supernumerary muscles of the leg: A report of two cases. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 1990;12(3): 219-223.
11. Macalister A. Observation on muscular anomalies in the human anatomy. Third series with a catalogue of the principal muscular variations hitherto published. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. (sciences). 1875; 25: 1.
12. Hecker P. Study on the peroneus on the tarsus. Anat Rec.1923; 26: 79-82
13. Jayakumari S, Suri RK,  Rath G, Arora J. Accessory tendon and tripartite insertion pattern of fibularis longus muscle: A case report. International Journal of Morphology. 2006; 24(4): 633-636
14. Patil V, Frisch NC, Ebraheim NA. Anatomical variations in the insertion of the peroneus (Fibularis) longus tendon. Foot & ankle international. 2007; 28(11): 1179-1182. 
15. Harbeson AE. Further studies on the origin of the first dorsal interosseus muscle of the foot from the tendon of the peroneus longus. Journal of  Anatomy. 1937; 72: 463-464.
16. Sonmez M, Koşar I, Çimen M. The supernumerary peroneal muscles: Case report and review of the literature. Folia Morphology. 2003; 62(2):147-155.
17. Wachter S, Beekman S. Peroneus Quartus: A case report. J. Am. Podiatry Med. Assoc. 1983; 73: 523-524.
18. Sobel M, Levy ME, Bohne WH. Congenital variations of the peroneus quartus muscle: An anatomic study. Foot Ankle.1990;11:81-89.
19. Zammit J, Singh D. The peroneus quartus muscle: Anatomy and clinical relevance. J Bone Joint Surg [Br]. 2003;85-B:1134-1137.
20. Cheung YY, Rosenberg  ZS,  Ramsinghani R, Beltran J, Jahss MH. Peroneus quartus muscle: MRI imaging features. Radiology. 1997;202:745-750.

Somesh M.S., Murlimanju B.V, Roshan S, Gautham Kamble. PERONEUS QUARTUS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION: A CADAVERIC STUDY. Int J Anat Res 2016;4(1):1972-1976. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2016.123