International Journal of Anatomy and Research



Welcome to International Journal of Anatomy and Research

b2

 

b3

Type of Article: Original Research

Year: 2016 | Volume 4 | Issue 3 | Page No. 2665-2669

Date of Publication: 31-08-2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.297


AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF THE THYROID GLAND

Shobha Gaikwad * 1, Rajani Joshi 2.

*1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital , Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

2 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, R.C.S.M. Govt Medical College and CPR Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Address: Dr Shobha Gaikwad, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, 2nd floor, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India -400012, Mobile No. 8652868522
E-Mail: shobhagaikwadjadhav@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The organogenesis of the thyroid gland in humans is often disturbed, leading to a variety of morphological variations of the gland, such as presence of pyramidal lobe, levator glandulae thyroidae , pyramidal lobe along with levator glandulae thyroidae , absence of isthmus and presence of accessory thyroid tissue . As the morphological variations are usually diagnosed incidentally during examination for other thyroid gland diseases, the true incidence is therefore uncertain.
Methods: This study was structured to investigate the gross anatomical features of the thyroid gland in 100 (58 male and 42 female) cadavers from the Maharashtrian population.
Results: The variations in the thyroid gland were present in 94% of cases. In the present study; the most common variation was presence of Levator glandulae thyroidae (30.85%) and least common variation was accessory thyroid tissue (1.6 %). The isthmus was absent in 28(29.78%) cases. Absence of isthmus was more common in females than in males and the difference was statistically significant. Pyramidal lobe was more common in males than in females. Most commonly the pyramidal lobe arises from the isthmus of the thyroid gland and least commonly from the left lobe. Levator glandulae thyroidae was present in 19 male cases (32.75%) and 10 female cases (23.80%). Pyramidal lobe along with levator glandulae thyroidae was present in 8 males (72.72%) and in 3 females (27.27%). However, the accessory thyroid tissue was found in only one cadaver.
Conclusion: This study highlights the various developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, which forms a cornerstone to safe and effective surgery.
Key words: Accessory Thyroid Tissue, Anatomical Variations, Levatorglandulaethyroidae, Pyramidal Lobe, Absence Of Isthmus

REFERENCES

  1. Seheli Zannat Sultana, Mohsin Khalil, Manjurul Karim Khan, Laila Anjuman Banu,        Zubaida Gulshan Ara, Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul Banna. Incidence of Presence & Variation in Anatomical Position of Isthmus of Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi Cadaver.Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2011;9(1):26-29.   
  2. Daksha Dixit, MB Shilpa, MP Harsh, and MV Ravishankar.Agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland in adult human cadavers: a case series; Cases J. 2009;2:6640.
  3. Nurunnabi ASM, Alim A, M Sabiha, B Manowara, K Monira, A Shamim. Weight of the Human Thyroid Gland – A Postmortem Study; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 2010;09(1).
  4. Ignjatovic´ M, Petrovic´ M, Stanic´ V, Cerovic´ S, Ilic´ S, Jovic´ N. Surgical treatment of rare anatomic variations and anomalies of the thyroid gland. ActaChirIugosl 2000;47:107-112.
  5. Devi SK, Sharmila BP, Susan PJ, Gajendra K. Agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland with bilateral glandulaethyroideae. Int J AnatVar 2009;2:29-30.
  6. Ranade A V, Rai R, Pai M M, Nayak S R, Prakash, Krisnamurthy A, NarayanaS. Anatomical variations of the thyroid gland: possible surgical implications.Singapore Med J 2008;49(10):831-133.
  7. S.D. Joshi, S.S. Joshi, S.R. Daimi, S.A. Athavale. The thyroid gland and its variations: a cadaveric study.FoliaMorphol., 2010;69(1).
  8. Prakash Thimmiah Rajini, Archana Ramachandran et al. Variations in the anatomy of the thyroid gland: clinical implications of a cadaver study; AnatSciInt 2012;87:45-49.
  9. M Begum, M Khatun, S Kishwara, R Ahmed, J Naushaba. A Postmortem Study of the Pyramidal lobe of the Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People. Journal of Dhaka Medical College 2009,18(2):140.
  10. Harjeet A, Sahni D, Jit I, Aggarwal AK.; Shape, measurements and weight of the thyroid gland in northwest Indians; SurgRadiol Anat. 2004 Apr;26(2):91-5.
  11. Nurunnabi asm, ara s, ahmed r, kishwara s, mahbub s, faruque abmo .cadaver study of the extension of the lobes of the thyroid gland. jdhaka med coll. 2010;19(1):47-50.
  12. [12].EnaytullahM.Gross and histomorphological study of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands in Bangladeshi peoples (M.Phil.thesis).Dhaka:University of Dhaka;1996.
  13. Braun E, Windisch G, Wolf G, Hausleitner L, Anderhuber F. The pyramidal lobe: clinical anatomy and its importance in thyroid surgery. SurgRadiol Anat. 2007;29:21–27.
  14. Geraci G, Pissello F, LiVolsi F, Modica G, Sciume C The importance of pyramidal lobe in thyroid surgery. G Chir 2008;29:479-482.
  15. Wahl R, Muh U, Kallee E.Hyperthyroidism with or without pyramidal lobe Graves‘ disease or disseminated autonomously functioning thyroid tissue. ClinNucl Med 1997;22:519-522.

 

Shobha Gaikwad, Rajani Joshi. AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF THE THYROID GLAND. Int J Anat Res 2016;4(3):2665-2669. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2016.297

b2



b3




Search

Volume 1 (2013)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 4 (2016)

Submit Manuscript