Type of Article : Original Article

Year: 2014 | Volume 2 | Issue 6 | Page No. 824-830

Date of Publication: 11-12-2014

DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2014.700

BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TECHNOLOGY FOR EVALUATING HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS: "AN ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FITNESS ANALYSIS"  

Rohit Subhedar *, Vaibhavi Subhedar, Pallavi dave, Priyanka Mishra, Ankit Kaur.
 
Department of Physiotherapy, Bombay Hospital, Indore, India.

Corresponding author: Dr. Rohit Subhedar(P.T), Head of Department, Physiotherapy, Bombay Hospital, Indore, India.
E-Mail: rohitsubhedar@rediffmail.com

Abstract:

Enormous use of sophisticated technology in daily living has resulted in lifestyle disorders in form of obesity, hypertension, cardiac disorders and musculoskeletal problems in a community as a whole. This significant rise in physically unfit community prompted us to find a most cost-effective, simple, and reliable mode of physical fitness evaluation in form of Bioelectrical Impedance technology. An observational randomized experimental study was conducted at Multispecialty Department of Physiotherapy, Bombay Hospital-Indore-India. Tanita BC-418 working on the principle of Bioelectrical Impedance Technology was used for Body composition Analysis of 100 male and females with age group 40-50 years.
Conclusion: BIA has proved to be an advanced diagnostic technology for evaluating human body fitness in today’s fast and rapidly advancing life style. The Body Composition Parameters important in evaluating physical fitness such as Body fat%, Fat Free Mass, Total Body Water%, BMR, segmental fat distribution can be easily assessed with this technique. Multi-frequency segmental Bioelectrical Impedance analysis identifies the Differences in segmental body fat% distribution and these differences signify the presence of regional pain, having musculoskeletal origin.
KEYWORDS: Bioelectrical Impedance Technology, Human Body Composition parameters, Body Fat (BF) %, Fat Free Mass (FFM), Total Body Water (TBW) %, BMI, Basal Metabolic rate (BMR) and segmental Fat % Distribution.

References

1. Kyle U, Bosaeus I, Lorenzo A, et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis-part I: review of principles and methods. Clin Nutr 2004; 23: 1226-43 .
2. D. Sirbu, M. Popa, D.Curseu, C.Ionuţ. The importance of body composition assessment in obesity risk evaluation for youth, vol. 55, nr.1/2005, page. 120 – 126.
3. Hoffer, E. C., C. K. Meadow, D. C. Simpson. Correlation of whole body impedance with total body water. J. Appl. Physiol. 1969;27: 531-534.
4. Lukaski HC, Johnson PE, Bolonchuk WW, Lykken GI. Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41(4): 810-7.
5. Davies, P.S.W., Preece, M. A., Hicks, C. J. & Halliday, D. The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance analysis in children and adolescents. Ann. Hum. Biol. 1988; 15:237-240.
6. Danford, L. C., Schoeller, D. A. & Kushner, R. F.Comparison of two bioelectrical impedance analysis models for total body water measurement in children. Ann. Hum. Biol. 1992; 19:603-607.
7. Bandini, L. G., Vu, D. M., Must, A. & Dietz, W. H.Body fatness and bioelectrical impedance in non-obese pre-menarcheal girls: comparison to anthropometry and evaluation of predictive equations. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997; 51:673-677.
8. Deurenberg, P., van der Kooy, K., Leenen, R., Westrrate, J. A. & Seidell, J. C.Sex and age specific prediction formulas for estimating body composition from bioelectrical impedance: a cross-validation study. Int. J. Obes. 1991; 15:17-25.
9. Deurenberg, P., van der Kooy, K., Paling, A. & Withagen, P. Assessment of body composition in 8–11 year old children by bioelectrical impedance. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1989; 43:623-629.
10. Deurenberg, P., Kusters, C. & Smit, H. E. Assessment of body composition by bioelectrical impedance in children and young adults is strongly age-dependent. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1990; 44:261-268.
11. Houtkooper, L., Going, S. B., Lohman, T. G., Roche, A. F. & Van Loan, M. Bioelectrical impedance estimation of fat-free body mass in children and youth: a cross-validation study. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992; 72:366-373.
12. Houtkooper, L., Lohman, T. G., Going, S. B. & Hall, M. C.Validity of bioelectric impedance for body composition assessment in children. J. Appl. Physiol. 1989; 66:814-821.
13. Young, R. E. & Sinha, D. P. Bioelectrical-impedance analysis as a measure of body composition in a West Indian population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1992; 55:1045-1050.
14. Chumlea WC, Guo S. Bioelectrical impedance and body composition: present status and future direction–reply. Nutr Rev. 1994; 52:323–325.
15. Lukaski HC, Johnson PE, Bolonchuk WW, Lykken GI. Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985; 41(4):810–817.
16. Baumgartner RN, Chumlea WC, Roche AF. Bioelectric impedance for body composition. In: Pandolf KB, editor. Exercise and sports sciences reviews.New York: MacMillan. 1990; pp. 193–224.
17. Role of impedance measurement in nutritional screening. Maisonneuve N et al. Rev Med Suisse Romande. Oct 2004; 124(10):611-5.
18. Validation of bio-impedance spectroscopy: effects of degree of obesity and ways of calculating volumes from measured resistance values. Cox-Reijven PL et al. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Mar 2000; 24(3):271-80.
19. FirstLine Therapy, Therapeutic Lifestyle program; Advanced Nutrition Publications Inc; 2002.
20. Dumler F, Kilates C. Nutritional status assessment and body composition analysis in pre-end stage renal disease patients. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1999;25:397e9.
21. Nakao T, Kanazawa Y, Nagaoka Y, Iwasawa H, Uchinaga A, Matsumoto H, et al. Body protein index based on bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful new marker assessing nutritional status: applications to patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance dialysis. Contrib Nephrol 2007;155:18e28.
22. Royall D, Greenberg GR, Allard JP, Baker JP, Jeejeebhoy KN. Total enteral nutritionsupport improves body composition of patients with Active Crohn’s disease. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1995;19:95e9.
23. Mattila VM, Tallroth K, Marttinen M, Pihlajamaki H. Physical fitness and performance. Body composition by DEXA and its association with physical fitness in 140 conscripts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:2242e7.
24. Rezende F, Rosado L, Franceschinni S, Rosado G, Ribeiro R, Marins JCB. Revisão crítica dos métodos disponíveis para avaliar a composição corporal em grandes estudos populacionais e clínicos. Archivos Latinoamericyears de Nutricion 2007; 57 (4): 327-34.
25. NIH’s “Health Implications of obesity” Vol. 5, No. 9
26. Brozek and Keys A: The evaluation of leanness-fatness in man: Norms and interrelationship .Br.J.Nutr. 1951; 36:32.
27. Forbes RM, Cooper AR & Mitchell HH; The composition of the adult human body as determined by chemical analysis. J Biol Chem 1953; 203:359–366.
28. Forbes RM, Mitchell HH & Cooper AR; Further studies on the gross composition and mineral elements of the human body. J Biol Chem 1956; 233:969–975.
29. Widdowson EM, McCance R & Spray CM; The chemical composition of the human body. Clin Sci 1951; 10:113–125.
30. Y.Ramakrishna. Sports Performance Enhancement Specialist http://health.sify.com/what%E2%80%99s-the-ideal-body-composition/.
31. Jessica Smith ME .Body composition assessment and relationship to disease. Nov, 2004
32. Kushner R F. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis: a review of principles and applications. J Am Coll Nutr 1992; 11:199-209.
33. Kushner R F, Schoeller D A. Estimation of total body water by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 44:417-24.
34. Berne, R.M., Levy, M.N. Physiology. second ed. The C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis; 1988.
35. Pierson, R.N., Wang, J., Thornton, J.C., Heymsfield, S.B.,1998. The quality of the body cell mass—1996. Are we ready to measure it? Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 49, 429–435.