Welcome to International Journal of Anatomy and Research

Type of Article : Original Research

Year: 2015 | Volume 3 | Issue 3 | Page No. 1381-1386

Date of Publication: 30-09-2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.241

A STUDY OF ANOMALIES OF LEFT RENAL VEIN

Namburu Bhanu Sudha Parimala *¹, Pitta Venkata Chandrika ², Sangam Muralidhar Reddy ³.

^*1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, N.R.I Academy of Medical Sciences, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
² Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, N.R.I Academy of Medical Sciences, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
³ Professor and HOD, Department of Anatomy, N.R.I Academy of Medical Sciences, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Address: Dr. N. B. S. Parimala, MBBS, M. D. (Anatomy), Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, N.R.I Academy of Medical Sciences, China kakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India-522 503 Mobile no: +919440791896.
E-Mail: nbsparimala @gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: The left renal vein is preferred over the right in renal transplantation because of its longer length. It is important for the surgeons to know the course of the left renal vein and whether it is pre-aortic or not to avoid unexpected hemorrhage and even death. There are considerable no of radiological studies on Retro aortic Left Renal Vein but anatomical studies other than the Japanese were not found in the literature. In view of its anatomical, embryological, clinical and surgical importance the present study was undertaken.
Materials and Methods : The present study  was conducted in 60 adult cadavers (10 female and 50 male) allotted to 1st M.B.B.S and M.D P.G students at Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences & research foundation Gannavaram & N.R.I. Academy of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India for routine dissection over a period of 5 consecutive years (2010-2015).
Results: Left Renal Vein anomalies can be classified into 4 types in the literature.Type1 is the most common in its occurrence followed by type 3,2and 4.Type 4 was rarely reported .In the present study the percentage of incidence of type 1, type 2 and type3 are  6.6%,1.6%,3.3% respectively and type 4 was not observed.
Conclusion: Knowing the variable expressions of the renal venous system allows better understanding of the clinical events. Pre operative CT can be considered mandatory as it helps in safe surgical outcome particularly in the retro peritoneal area.
KEY WORDS: Retro aortic left renal vein, Renal transplantation, Haemorrhage, Embryology.

References

1. Anthony R Mundy, Kidney And Ureter, Susan.Stranding,GRAY’sAnatomy 39th edition, Elsevier Pub2005;Pg1274-7.
2. Moore KL, the Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1998. p. 352-5.
3. Babian RJ, Johnson DE. Major venous anomalies complicating retroperitoneal surgery, South Med J 1979;72:1254-8.
4. Mathews R, Smith PA, Fishman EK, Marshall FF. Anomalies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins: embryologic and surgical considerations. Urology 1999; 53:873-80.
5. Satyapal KS, Kalideen JM, Haffejee AA, Singh B, Robbs JV. Left renal vein variations. Surg Radiol Anat 1999;21:77-81.
6. Trigaux JP, Vandroogenbroek S, De Wispelaere JF, Lacrosse M, Jamart J. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein: evaluation with spiral CT. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1998;9:339-45.
7. Reed MD, Friedman AC, Nealey P. Anomalies of the left renal vein: analysis of 433 CT scans. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1982;6:1124-6.
8. Karkos CD, Bruce IA, Thomson GJ, Lambert ME. Retroaortic left renal vein &its implications in abdominal aortic surgery. AnnVasc Surg 2001;15:703-8.
9. Yesildag A, Adanir E, Koroglu M, Baykal B, Oyar O, Gulsoy UK. Incidence of left renal vein anomalies in routine abdominal CTscans. Tani Girisim Radyol 2004;10:140-3.         
10. Hoeltl W, Hruby W, Aharinejad S. Renal vein anatomy and its implication for retroperitoneal surgery. J Urol 1990;143:1108–1114.
11. Bass JE, Redwine MD, Kramer LA, Huynh PT, Harris JH. Spectrum of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava: cross-sectional imaging. Radiographics 2000;20:639–652.
12. Shindo S, Kubota K, Kojima A, Iyori K, Ishimoto T, Kobayashi M, et al. Anomalies of inferior vena cava and left renal vein: risks in aortic surgery. Ann Vasc Surg 2000;14:393-6.
13. Karaman B, Koplay M, Ozturk E, Basekim CC, Ogul H, Mutlu H, et al. Retroaortic left renal vein: multidetector computed tomography angiography findings and its clinical importance. Acta Radiol 2007;48:355-60.
14. Nam JK, Park SW, Lee SD, et al. The clinical significance of a retroaortic left renal vein. Korean J Urol 2010;51:276-80.
15. Aljabri B, McDonald PS, Satin R, Stein LS, Obrand DI & Steinmetz OK. Incidence of major venous and renal anomalies relevant to aortoiliac surgery as demonstrated by computed tomography. Annals of Vascular Surgery 2011;15(6):615-618.
16. Luis ernesto ballesteros, vladimir saldarriaga, luis miguel ramirez, Morphologic evaluation of the renal veins: a study with autopsy material from Colombian subjects; Rom J Morphol Embryol 2014;55(1):77–81
17. Baptista-silva jc, veríssimo mj, castro mj, câmara al, pestana jo, anatomical study of the renal veins observed during 342 living-donor nephrectomise. SAO Paulo Med j. 1997;115(3):1456–1459.
18. Kazuya yoshinaga, katsushi kawai and kodo kodama, An Anatomical Study of the   Retroaortic Left Renal Vein, Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn,2000;77(2-3):47-52.
19. Okamoto K. The posterior renal vein (new definition),together with its morphological significance. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1990;67:203-218.
20. Izumiyama M and Horiguchi M. Two cases of the retroaorticleft renal vein and a morphogenetic consideration of the anomalous vein. Acta Anat Nippon 1997; 72:535-543.
21. K Hemalatha, R Narayani, Myuri Moorthy, M Paul Korath, K Jagadeesan. Retroaortic left renal vein and hypertension. Bombay Hospital Journal, 2008;50(1):6-9.
22. De Schepper A, Belge J. “Nut cracker” phenomenon of the renal vein and venou pathology of the left kidney (in Dutch). Radiol 1972;55:507-11.
23. Andrew KK, Thom WR. Nutcracker phenomenon and nutcracker syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85:552-9.
24. Rudloff U, Holmes RJ, Prem JT, et al. Mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein (nutcracker syndrome): case reports and review of the literature. Ann Vasc Surg 2006;20:120-9.
25. Cohen IJ, Yanai-Inbar I. Neonatal aortic thrombosis: A case description and an explanation for pathogenesis. Clin Pediatr. 1978;17:490-3.
26. Gabrielli R, Rosati MS, Siani A & Marcucci G. Preoperative evaluation of retroperitoneal venous system anomalies during abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2011;12(2):278-80.
27. Arslan H, Etlik O, Ceylan K, Temizoz O, Harman M, Kavan M. Incidence of retroaortic left renal vein and its relationship with varicocele. Eur Radiol 2005;15:1717–1720.
28. Sinem Karazincir Ali Balci, , Sadik GörürHaldun Sumbas,  Ahmet N. Kiper, Incidence of the Retroaortic Left Renal Vein in Patients With Varicocele. 2007 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. J Ultrasound Med 2007;26:601–604.

Namburu Bhanu Sudha Parimala, Pitta Venkata Chandrika, Sangam Muralidhar Reddy. A STUDY OF ANOMALIES OF LEFT RENAL VEIN. Int J Anat Res 2015;3(3):1381-1386. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2015.241