STUDY OF CONGENITAL CLUBFOOT IN NEWBORNS Shylaja D K * 1 , Sharada B Menasinkai 2 , B R Ramesh 3 .   *1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2 Professor, Department of Anatomy, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research  Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, India 3 Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, Dr B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Address   for   Correspondence:   Dr.   Shylaja   D   K,   Assistant   Professor,   Department   of   Anatomy,   Dr   B   R   Ambedkar   Medical   College,   Kadugondanahalli,   Bangalore- 560045 Karnataka, India. Mobile number: +919731648044 E-Mail:  shylaja.1943@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT                                                    Background:   Clubfoot   or   CTEV   is   one   of   the   most   common   serious   congenital   musculoskeletal   anomalies   with   a   worldwide   incidence   of   1   in   1000   live births.   Approximately   80%   of   clubfoott   occur   as   isolated   birth   defects   and   are   considered   idiopathic.   Males   are   more   frequently   affected   (2:1   male   to female ratio), bilateral in approximately 50% of all cases, and the right foot is more often affected in unilateral cases. Materials   and   Methods:   The   study   was   done   at   Mysore   Medical   College   &   Research   Institute,   Mysore,   for   a   period   of   one   year   during   which   period,   12,753 newborn babies were examined which included live births and still births. Results:   The   total   number   of   cases   with   clubfoot   were   24   with   an   incidence   of   1.9/1000   births.   45.9%   of   cases   were   observed   in   mothers   belonging   to   age group   of   21-25   years,   CTEV   was   more   common   in   first   para   (50%).   Occurrence   of   clubfoot   was   more   common   in   male   neonates   than   in   female   neonates (Male:   Female   ratio,   1:0.85),   common   in   singletons   (95.8%)   than   in   twins,   bilateral   CTEV   (75%)   was   more   common   than   unilateral   CTEV,   consanguinity   was (5/24,   20.8%),   CTEV   not   detected   by   antenatal   USG   was   (14/24,   58.3%).   Risk   factors   associated   with   CTEV   were   oligohydramnios   (8.3%),   spina   bifida (4.16%) and PIH (4.16%). Conclusion:   The   incidence   of   CTEV   is   low   compared   to   other   studies.   CTEV   was   more   common   in   first   para   and   in   younger   mothers.   Significant   number   of cases   were   found   in   singletons,   common   in   males,   bilateral   CTEV   was   significantly   more   common   than   unilateral   CTEV,   few   cases   were   associated   with history   of   consanguinity,   few   cases   were   detected   by   antenatal   ultrasonography   and   CTEV   was   associated   with   various   maternal   risk   factors   commonest being oligohydramnios. KEY WORDS: Clubfoot, Congenital, Oligohydramnios, Neonates. References 1 . S.   Nordin,   M.   Aidura,   S.   Razak,   &   WI.   Faisham.   Controversies   in   Congenital   Clubfoot:   Literature   review.    Malaysian   Journal   of   Medical   Sciences   January 2002;9(1):34-40. 2 . Miedzybrodzka Z. Congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot): A disorder of the foot but not the hand. 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