Author Instructions Page 3 of 4

References

All references, including URLs, must be numbered consecutively in square brackets (e.g., [1], [2,3], [4-7]) in the order in which they are cited in the main text, tables, or figure legends. Each reference must have an individual reference number. Please avoid excessive referencing. If automatic reference formatting tools (e.g., EndNote, Zotero) are used, reference numbers must be converted to plain text before final manuscript submission.

Only articles, datasets, and abstracts that have been published, are in press, or are available through public preprint servers (such as bioRxiv/medRxiv) may be cited in the reference list. Unpublished observations and personal communications should be cited parenthetically in the text (e.g., 'J. Smith, unpublished observations') with explicit written permission from the cited source.

Examples of Reference Style (Vancouver Format)

Article within a Journal

Koonin EV, Altschul SF, Bork P. BRCA1 protein products: functional motifs. Nat Genet 1996; 13: 266-267.

Article within a Journal Supplement

Orengo CA, Bray JE, Hubbard T, LoConte L, Sillitoe I. Analysis and assessment of ab initio three-dimensional prediction, secondary structure, and contacts prediction. Proteins 1999; 43(Suppl 3): 149-170.

In Press Article

Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ. Clinical aspects of exhaled nitric oxide. Eur Respir J, in press.

Published Abstract

Zvaifler NJ, Burger JA, Marinova-Mutafchieva L, Taylor P, Maini RN. Mesenchymal cells, stromal derived factor-1 and rheumatoid arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: s250.

Article within Conference Proceedings

Jones X. Zeolites and synthetic mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the First National Conference on Porous Sieves: 27-30 June 1996; Baltimore. Edited by Smith Y. Stoneham: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996: 16-27.

Book Chapter or Article within a Book

Schnepf E. From prey via endosymbiont to plastids: comparative studies in dinoflagellates. In: Origins of Plastids. Volume 2. 2nd edition. Edited by Lewin RA. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1993: 53-76.

Whole Issue of a Journal

Ponder B, Johnston S, Chodosh L (Eds). Innovative oncology. Breast Cancer Res 1998; 10: 1-72.

Complete Book

Margulis L. Origin of Eukaryotic Cells. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1970.

Monograph or Book in a Series

Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE. The alveolar macrophage. In: Cultured Human Cells and Tissues. Edited by Harris TJR. New York: Academic Press; 1995: 54-56. [Stoner G (Series Editor): Methods and Perspectives in Cell Biology, vol 1.]

Institutional Author / PhD Thesis / Database URL

Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification. Annual Report. London; 1999.

Kohavi R. Wrappers for performance enhancement and oblivious decision graphs [PhD thesis]. Stanford University, Computer Science Department; 1995.

Preparing Illustrations and Figures

Illustrations must be uploaded as separate high-resolution image files and not embedded inside the main Word document text file. Each figure should fit on a single portrait page. If a figure consists of multiple sub-panels (e.g., Fig 1A, 1B, 1C), submit a single combined composite image file containing all panels.

*Note: There is no additional charge for publishing full-color figures in the online digital edition of IJAR.

Accepted File Formats & Resolution

• PNG: Preferred high-resolution format for anatomical photographs, cadaveric dissections, and photomicrographs.
• TIFF: Recommended for high-density line art, radiographs, and histological plates (minimum 300 DPI).
• JPEG / BMP: Accepted provided image compression is minimal and resolution is crisp.

Figure Legends

Provide all figure legends at the end of the main manuscript text document. Each legend must include:

• Figure number (Arabic numerals, e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2);
• Short descriptive title (maximum 15 words);
• Detailed explanatory legend (up to 300 words), defining all arrows, scale bars, labels, and abbreviations.

*Authors are strictly responsible for obtaining written copyright permission to reproduce figures or tables previously published in other journals.