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How   to   cite   this   Article:    N.   Shakuntala   Rao,   Krishna   Kishore,   K.   Sujatha,   H.R.   Krishna   Rao.    AORTIC   ARCH   ARTERIES   IN   MAN   AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.  Int J Anatomy Res 2016;4(4):3087-3091. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2016.409.
Type of Article: Original Research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.409 Page No.:  3087-3091
AORTIC ARCH ARTERIES IN MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY N. Shakuntala Rao * 1 , Krishna Kishore 2 , K. Sujatha 3 , H.R. Krishna Rao 4 . *1 Professor, Department of Anatomy, P.E.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, P.E.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. 3  Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, P.E.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. 4  Professor and Head, P.E.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Address   for   Correspondence:    Dr.   N.   Shakuntala   Rao,   Professor,   P.E.S.   Institute   of   Medical   Sciences   and   Research,      K uppam,   Andhra Pradesh 517425, India. E-Mail: drshakuntala@gmail.com ABSTRACT BACKGROUND:   The   arch   of   aorta   in   man   has   three   main   branches   that   supply   the   region   of   head   and   neck   and   upper   limbs.   The   aorta   beginning   at   the base   of   left   ventricle,   curves   to   the   right   and   ascends   upto   the   level   of   upper   border   of   second   right   sternocostal   joint.   It   then   forms   an   arch   at   the   sternal angle   ending   at   the   level   of   sternal   end   of   the   second   left   costal   cartilage.   In   animals   the   aorta   is   the   main   systemic   arterial   trunk   and   ascends   to   curve sharply   backwards   forming   the   arch   to   reach   the   eighth   or   ninth   thoracic   vertebra.   The   branches   arising   from   the   arch   of   aorta   in   man   supply   the   head   and neck.   A   true   bovine   aortic   arch   is   one   in   which   a   single   large   vessel   originates   from   the   arch   and   gives   rise   to   both   subclavian   arteries   and   a   bicarotid   trunk. While   man   has   a   right   left   orientation   of   the   brain   and   functioning   capacities   based   on   dominant   cerbral   hemisphere,   animals   have   specific   locomotor functions   designed   to   feed   and   ruminate.   This   study   was   undertaken   to   compare   the   arrangement   of   branches   arising   from   the   aorta   considering   the differences in posture and locomotion between the animals and man. Materials   and   Methods:   The   specimens   of   the   human   heart   were   obtained   from   the   regular   dissection   done   on   the   cadavers   for   teaching   purpose   in   the department   of   Anatomy,   P.E.S   Institute   of   medical   sciences   and   research.      The   heart   specimens   of   the   domestic   animals   were   obtained   from   the   local butcher   who   had   legal   permission   to   sacrifice   the   animals   for   sale.   The   heart   was   removed   carefully   along   with   the   arch   and   its   branches.   10%   formalin   was used to transport and preserve the specimens in glass jars. Results:   Only   one   large   vessel   was   seen   arising   from   the   convexity   of   the   arch   called   the   Common   brachiocephalic   trunk   (CBCT)   in   domestic   animals.The brachiocephalic   trunk   arises   from   the   aortic   arch   and   branches   cranially.   It   provides   the   blood   supply   for   the   thoracic   limbs,   the   neck,   the   head,   and   the ventral   portion   of   the   thorax.   The   brachiocephalic   trunk   gave   both   subclavian   arteries   and   continued   as   the   bicarotid   trunk.   The   bicarotid   trunk   bifurcates   in to left and right common carotid arteries. The left subclavian artery was found to lie at a lower level than the right in the animals in this study. Conclusion:    The    arrangement    of    branches    of    aorta    in    man    and    animals    is    certainly    different    and    this    could    be    due    to    postural    adaptations    and haemodynamics specific to the species. This area has potential for research in trying to understand the evolution of cerebro-vascular flow and dominance. KEY WORDS: Bovine Aortic Arch, Anterior Aorta, Posterior Aorta, Bicarotid Trunk, Human Aortic Arch, Common Brachiocephalic Trunk. References 1 . Susan Standring. The Anatomical basis of Clinical Practice: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone 2008; 984-985. 2 . G.J.Romanes.  Cunningham’s manual of practical anatomy: Volume-2 Thorax and abdomen.15th edition Oxford University Press.  pp 59-60. 3 . Sisson and Grossman's the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals.  the anatomy of the domestic animals, 4 th  edition, page no: 641– 645. 4 . Ranjithkumar Ghosh et al. primary veterinary anatomy,2 nd  edition, page no: 215 – 220. 5 . August Schummer et al  The viscera of the domestic mammals.  2 nd edition, page no:198-201. 6 . August   schummer,   Helmet   Wilkens,   Berndvollmerhans   and   Karl-Heinz   Habermehl.   The   circulatory   system,   the   skin   and   the   cutaneous   organs   of   the domestic mammals. page no:71-77. 7 . Dayce et al. Text book of Veterinary Anatomy, 3 rd  edition, page no:237-242. 8 . AlurRaghavan et al. Text book of Veterinary Anatomy, 4 th  edition, page no:465-468  & 491-498. 9 . K.F.Layton,   D.F.   Kallmes,   H.J   Cloft,   E.P.Lindell   and   V.S   Cox.   Bovine   Aortic   Arch   Variant   in   Humans:   Clarification   of   a   Common   Misnomer   AJNR   August 2006 27: 1541-1542  1 0 . Shaw JA, Gravereaux EC,Eisenhauer AC. Carotid stenting in the bovine arch. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 60: 566-69. 1 1 . Habel RE,Budras KD. Thoracic cavity. In: Bovine Anatomy: An Illustrated Text. Hanover, Germany: Schlutersche GmbH & Co; 2003: 62-65. 1 2 . De   Garis   CF,   Black   IB,Riemenschneider   EA.   Patterns   of   the   aortic   arch   in   American   white   and   Negro   stocks,   with   comparative   notes   on   certain   other mammals. J Anat 1933; 67:599-618. 1 3 . Christophe   Casteleyn,   Bram   Trachet,   Denis   Van   Loo   and   Daniel   G   H   Devos.   Validation   of   the   murine   aortic   arch   as   a   model   to   study   human   vascular diseases.J Anat.2010 May; 216(5): 563-571.
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Volume 4 |Issue 4.2 |  2016 Date of Publication:  30 November 2016
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