THE SHAPES OF HEAD AND FACE IN NORMAL FULL TERM NEWBORNS IN HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Soni Pankaj * 1  K. Prabhakaran 1 , Kapoor Kanchan 2 . 1 Department of Anatomy, Geetanjali University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. 2  Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Chandigarh, U.T, India. Address    for    Correspondence:    Dr.    Pankaj    Soni ,    Department    of    Anatomy,    Geetanjali    Medical    College,    Udaipur    (Raj)    India.    Pin    code    313001    Mobile: +919601661829  E-Mail: drsoni13@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Introduction:    Cephalometric   measurements   especially   in   first   day   after   birth   are   important   for   assessment   of   neonatal   health   status.   This   study   was conducted   in   the   view   of   the   importance   of   anthropometric   indices   of   head   and   face   in   pediatrics,   orofacial   surgery,   forensic   medicine,   medical   imaging   and diagnostic   comprehension   between   patient   and   normal   population.   There   is   hardly   any   published   data   about   the   types   of   head   and   face   shapes   in   three different zones of Himachal Pradesh. Methods:    327   normal   newborns   comprising   177   males,   150   females   delivered   in   labor   wards   of   civil   hospitals   in   Himachal   Pradesh,   measured   in   12-24 hours   after   birth.   Head   length,   head   width,   face   length,   face   width   with   cephalic   and   prosopic   indices   were   measured   by   using   digital   vernier   caliper.   The study was undertaken to document the various craniofacial forms of newborns in Himachal Pradesh. Results:    The   mean   and   SD   for   cephalic   index   of   male   and   female   full   term   newborns   in   Himachal   Pradesh   were   80.97±4.18   (p<0.0054),   the   mean   and   SD value   for   lower   hills   and   inner   Himalaya   were   80.34±4.43,   82.12±4.12   respectively.      The   mean   and   SD   for   prosopic   index   of   male   and   female   full   term newborns   were   68.71±6.1   (p<0.1507),   and   for   lower   hills   and   inner   Himalaya   were   67.29±5.99,   71.75±5.26   respectively.   Dominant   Brachycephalic   type   of head shape was found 40.67%, Mesocephalic 33.97% and Dolicocephalic rare type were 7.95% in Himachal Pradesh. Conclusion:    The   dominant   cephalic   index   in   Himachal   was   Brachycephalic   heads,   in   lower   zone   with   Mesocephalic   head   shapes   while   in   inner   zone   have Brachycephalic.   The   dominant   prosopic   index   was   hypereuryprosopic   face   in   each   zone.   This   study   also   disagree   the   statements   of   all   India   anthropometric survey that hilly people have long round heads and round faces.   KEY WORD: Anthropometry, newborn, himachal, cephalic Index, prosopic index. brachycephalic, hypereuryprosopic, hills. References 1 . Golalipour,   M.J.   Haidari,   K.   Jahanshahi,   M.   Farahani,   R.M.      :   The   shapes   of   head   and   face   in   normal   male   newborns   in   south-east   of   Caspian   Sea   (Iran- Gorgan). J. Anat.Soc, India 2003;52(1):28-31. 2 . Agnihotri, G. and Singh, D: Craniofacial anthropometry in newborns and infants. Iran J Pediatr 2007;17(4):332-338.  3 . Balokhara Jag Mohan, ‘The Wonderland Himachal Pradesh” 2014; ISBN: 81-86351-05-01. 4 . Singh Pritam “Himachal Pradesh general knowledge” Bright Publication, ISBN 9788171994656. 5 . Williams,   P.   Bannister,   L.   Berry,   M.   Collins,   P.   Dyson,   M.   Dussak,   J.   and   Ferguson,   M.   :   Gray’s   anatomy.   In:   Skeletal   system.   38th   Edn;   Churchill Livingston. London, pp.1995; 607-612. 6 . Jordan, H. Neonatal and maternal cranial form.S. Afr. Med. J. 1976;4:2060-8. 7 . Garba., S. Numan, A and Mishara, I : Craniofacial classification of normal newborns in Maiduguri, Nigeria.. Int. J. Morphol. 2008;26(2):407-410. 8 . Ghosh,   A.   Manjari,   C.   and   Mahapatra,   S.   The   craniofacial   anthropometric   measurements   in   a   population   of   normal   newborns   of   Kolkata.   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013;2(2):125-129. 9 . Rajlakshmi,   C.   Shyamo,   M.   Bidhumukhi,   D.   and   Chandramani,   L.   Cephalic   index   of   fetuses   of   Manipuri   population-A   baseline   study.   J.   Anat.   Soc.   India 2001;50(1):8-10.