Article Withdrawal & Retraction Policy

Article Withdrawal & Retraction Overview

The International Journal of Anatomy and Research (IJAR) follows the retraction and article correction policies established by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Article Withdrawal

Article Withdrawal applies exclusively to Articles in Press (early accepted manuscript versions that have not been formally published with final volume/issue page numbers). Withdrawal is used when an Article in Press contains typographical errors, was accidentally submitted twice, or represents an infringement of professional publishing ethics (such as duplicate submission, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, or fraudulent data usage).

When an article is withdrawn, the full HTML and PDF content is removed and replaced with a standard withdrawal statement page and PDF explaining that the paper has been withdrawn as per IJAR policy, with a direct link to this policy document.

Article Retraction

Infringements of scientific ethical codes—such as multiple submission, bogus authorship claims, plagiarism, or data fabrication—warrant formal article retraction. A retraction may also be issued to correct severe errors discovered post-publication.

• A formal retraction note titled "Retraction: [Article Title]" signed by the authors and/or Editor-in-Chief is published in the paginated portion of a subsequent print/digital journal issue and listed in the table of contents.
• In the electronic version, a direct link connects the retraction note to the original article.
• The online article page opens with a retraction notice screen before resolving to the document.
• The original PDF document is retained unchanged save for a prominent "RETRACTED" watermark stamped across every page.
• The full HTML text of the document is removed.

Article Removal (Legal Limitations)

In extremely rare instances, it may be necessary to remove an article entirely from our online databases. This occurs only where an article is unambiguously defamatory, infringes third-party legal rights, is subject to a court order, or poses a severe health or safety risk. In such cases, article metadata (Title and Authors) is retained, but the text is replaced with a notice stating that the article has been removed for legal reasons.

Article Replacement

In circumstances where an article poses a serious health risk, authors may choose to retract the flawed original and replace it with a corrected republished version. The standard retraction procedure is followed, with the database notice publishing a direct link to the corrected re-published article and full document version history.